EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL FOR DETECTING HIGHER ALCOHOL CONSUMERS FROM A CONVENTIONAL RAT LINE BASED ON BASAL ANXIETY

Experimental protocol for detecting higher alcohol consumers from a conventional rat line based on basal anxiety

Predisposition for a high alcohol intake and the impact of alcohol-abstinence-relapse may be reliable experimentally performed in conventional adult rat lines if animals SOCKS received juvenile exposure to alcohol (e.g., by forced consumption) and selecting those individuals with high basal anxiety levels during juvenile periods.Importantly, a forc

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Qualitative Approach of the Scrutiny in Educational Psychology

It was difficult for the interpretive opposing approach Tanning Products to fight the previous exclusive current with its ideographic approach to the study of a now subjective reality, which was consolidated and applied to practice with the transformative intention of the complementary socio-critical approach2, and through some of the qualitative m

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Controversies Concerning the Interpretation of State Resources as a Prerequisite of State Aid: an Illustration Using the Example of Polish Green Certificates and the Auction System

The process of Europeanisation in the legal field results in various conflicts between the Member States and European authorities.Cases concerning State aid are an example of such a conflict, where on one hand Member States want to preserve control over various supporting schemes and on the other the European Commission Face Wrap and the Court of J

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Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa

The case-study literature on refugees and asylum-seekers in South StickPads Africa is dominated by an overwhelming focus on the problems they face and their marginalised existence, reinforcing an image of victimhood, exploitation and vulnerability.In this paper, we seek to broaden the image of refugees and their economic impacts beyond a narrow foc

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Trade-offs across Space, Time, and Ecosystem Services

Ecosystem service (ES) trade-offs arise from management choices made by humans, which can change the type, magnitude, and relative mix of services provided by ecosystems.Trade-offs occur when the provision of one ES is reduced as a consequence of increased use of another ES.In some cases, a trade-off may be an explicit choice; but in others, trade-

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